Why do only some leaves turn red in the fall? Scientists can't agree on an answer

The red pigments in some fall leaves have proven to be a puzzle for researchers who debate why leaves bother to go red.
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The red pigments in some fall leaves have proven to be a puzzle for researchers who debate why leaves bother to go red.
(Image credit: Charlie Riedel)
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Democrats enjoyed major wins beyond just the marquee races, up and down the ballot — and across the country — continuing the party's momentum heading into the 2026 midterm elections.
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Far-Flung Postcards is a weekly series in which NPR's international team shares moments from their lives and work around the world.
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The 2025 elections were good to Democrats with wins in several major races, including governor's races in two states. And, the ongoing government shutdown is now the longest in U.S. history.
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Abigail Spanberger, Virginia's first woman governor, says she's ready to push back on President Trump's "bad policies" for the sake of Virginians.
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Rep. Mikie Sherrill, a former Navy pilot, says voters chose her to lead and address affordability at a time when many New Jersey residents feel challenged by the Trump administration.
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The federal government promised an Oregon hospital millions of dollars to help prepare for an earthquake. They're still waiting for the money.
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Prosecutors in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore seized hundreds of millions of dollars in assets belonging to a Cambodian businessman whom the U.S. accuses of heading a global scam syndicate.
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Tax season is approaching. Tax breaks that were extended as part of President Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill" will mainly benefit high-net-worth and high-income people.
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Trump's tariffs are raising tens of billions of dollars for the federal government. They're also costing consumers, frustrating businesses and hurting the factories they're supposed to help.
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As the government shutdown stretches its way into the record books, Americans are feeling its worsening impacts.
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Democrats had a good night, winning major races including governor's races in Virginia and New Jersey and a redistricting ballot measure in California, while also confronting the future of the party.
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The government shutdown is taking a growing toll on air traffic controllers who are working without pay. Staffing shortages led to big delays over the weekend, raising concerns about travel chaos.
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At the heart of the impasse is a debate about expiring subsidies for health insurance. It's the latest chapter in a fight over Obamacare that has dominated Congress since the law was signed in 2010.
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Iowa ranks last among states for the number of OB-GYNS per capita. State legislators are trying to recruit more, but some doctors say the state's strict abortion ban is partially to blame.
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The case has potentially profound economic consequences for the country and the presidency.
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President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he has decided to nominate Jared Isaacman to serve as his NASA administrator, months after withdrawing the tech billionaire's nomination because of concerns about his political leanings.
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The attack Tuesday killed two people aboard the vessel, Hegseth said, bringing the death toll from the Trump administration's campaign in South American waters up to at least 66 people.
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California voters have approved a ballot measure to redraw the state's congressional map to favor Democrats, marking the party's biggest victory to date in a national battle over redistricting ahead of the 2026 midterms.
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Mamdani, a democratic socialist and state assemblymember, will make history as the first Muslim and South Asian person — as well as the youngest in over a century — to serve as New York City mayor.
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Democratic Rep. Mikie Sherrill, a former Navy pilot, was first elected to Congress in 2018. She defeated Republican Jack Ciattarelli, a former assemblyman who was endorsed by President Trump.
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Spanberger, a former congresswoman, flips the governor's mansion from red to blue after campaigning against the Trump administration's federal layoffs and tariffs.
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Teen Vogue covered fashion and celebrity, but also took in-depth looks at politics and social justice issues. The union representing workers at Condé Nast said six staffers are losing their jobs.
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Certain prepared pasta dishes were recalled from retailers like Trader Joe's, Kroger and Walmart between June and October. Health officials urge customers to dispose of them and clean their fridges.
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Public health leaders convene in Washington, D.C. this week to defend their vision for America's health, and look ahead for how to rebuild after the Trump administration's attacks on the system.
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Injustice authors Carol Leonnig and Aaron Davis say following Jan. 6, the cases against the former president were stymied by the FBI's desire to preserve its independence from politics.
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Former Vice President Dick Cheney has died at age 84. And, today, voters in New York, Virginia and New Jersey choose new leaders in key races.
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Octogenarian Sisters Rita, Regina and Bernadette went back to their old convent with local support, and an Instagram following. "People are calling us the rebellious sisters!" Rita says.
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Dick Cheney, one of the most powerful vice president in American history, died Monday, according to a statement from his family. He was 84 years old.
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After a week aboard, President Trump will confront a swirl of domestic challenges this week: pivotal elections in several states, Supreme Court tariff arguments and the ongoing government shutdown.
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