AI-based upscaling is interesting...it's not so much the upscaling you'd expect as more like..."based on this, reimagine it as something at this resolution".
Misc. details can change, but the overall "feel" mostly remains the same.
e.g. based on a prompt from https://stable-diffusion-art.com/sdxl-prompts/, I upscaled the first image I got, and in the upscaled version, the subject has a completely different blouse, eye colour, different necklace, etc. Still, you can't deny the images are related.